Man Ray was born Emmanuel Radnitsky in Philadelphia of Russian Jewish immigrant parents. He assumed the name Man Ray in his early twenties. As a child he showed talent at sketching. Refusing a scholarship to study architecture, he supported himself as a commercial artist and draftsman, while studying art in night classes at various schools in New York. As a student, Man Ray was influenced by Alfred Stieglitz, whose gallery he often visited, and Robert Henri, who was his teacher. He had his first one-man painting exhibition at the age of twenty-five. He was exposed to Cubism at the 1913 Armory Show in New York. After meeting Marcel Duchamp, he bought his first camera. His close friendship with Duchamp, spanning fifty-five years, influenced their respective work and resulted in collaborative creative endeavors. Encouraged by Duchamp, May Ray moved to Paris in 1921, and with the exception of ten years in Hollywood during World War II, he spent the rest of his life there. He joined the Parisian Dada group and then the Surrealists. Possessing an endlessly fertile imagination, Man Ray continued to create new and startling artworks throughout his long career. Always at the forefront of the avant garde, he experimented with every conceivable medium, invented a number of his own and influenced several generations of artists. His major contributions fall into the categories of painting, sculpture and photography, including film. His work included readymades, assisted readymades, and assorted assemblages--often more complex than they seemed -- involving complicated puns and hidden implications. Much of his work was developed for its shock value. Man Ray had innumerable one-man shows. He died in Paris at age 86 and since then there have been major retrospectives of his work world-wide.